Winter is here, bringing cosy nights by the fire, festive cheer, and unfortunately, a rise in respiratory illnesses. From the common cold to the flu and COVID-19, these sicknesses can affect anyone, disrupting our lives when we least expect it. Our Private GP Dr David Chan helps us understand the differences between these illnesses and how to protect yourself so that you can stay healthy during the colder months.
Flu vs Covid: spot the differences
Symptoms
Respiratory illnesses such as flu, the common cold, Covid, and even allergies are common in the winter months. Both flu and COVID-19 can knock you off your feet, but distinguishing between the two can be difficult as both share overlapping symptoms, such as:
- Fever
- Cough
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Muscle aches
- Headache
- Tiredness
- Sore throat
- Runny or blocked nose
- Nausea or vomiting (more common in children)
So how can you tell them apart? One key clue could be the timeline: flu symptoms typically develop 1–4 days after infection, whereas COVID-19 symptoms most often begin 5–6 days after exposure. However, in some cases, symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 can appear as early as one day or as late as two weeks after exposure.
Another potential Covid hallmark is the loss of taste or smell, which is less common with the flu. It is important to note that symptoms can vary between individuals and change with new variants such as the latest XEC strain. Some people may experience loss of smell, while others may not.
Transmission and risks
Both illnesses can lead to serious health outcomes, though their risks differ. For example, the flu can sometimes cause secondary bacterial infections like pneumonia, whereas COVID-19 has been linked to rare but severe complications, such as blood clots, multiple organ failure, inflammation of the heart, brain and muscle tissue, stroke, heart attack and even death.
Both flu and Covid are contagious respiratory illnesses, but they are caused by different viruses – influenza and SARS-CoV-2, respectively – that are spread in similar ways. They can be transmitted from the nose and mouth through respiratory droplets called aerosols when the infected individual sneezes, coughs, sings, talks or shouts. You can then catch it by inhaling the virus containing droplets, when they land in your mouth or nose, or when you touch your nose, mouth or eyes after having been in contact with the affected surfaces.
Both flu and Covid can be spread before the infected person develops any symptoms, and some may not show any symptoms at all while remaining infectious.
If you are uncertain, testing can confirm which virus you have – or even if you are dealing with both at the same time. Prompt diagnosis helps you take the right steps to manage your illness and protect others.
If you are feeling unwell, stay at home and rest to help your body recover quicker. Wait at least 24 hours after your fever has subsided before resuming normal activities.
The common cold and allergies: mild yet troublesome
The common cold might not send you to bed for days like the flu, but it can still be disruptive. Symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, and mild cough are typical and often resolve with rest, fluids, and over-the-counter remedies.
Allergies, on the other hand, are not contagious. They can mimic cold symptoms but tend to include telltale signs like itchiness in the eyes or throat. Relief often comes from treatments like antihistamines, decongestants, nasal steroids, and avoiding triggers.
A consultation with a GP or a Respiratory Physician can help to identify the right therapy for your symptoms.
How to reduce your risk of illness this winter
You do not need to let winter illnesses dominate your season. Prevention is always better than cure, and simple precautions can drastically reduce your risk of catching respiratory illnesses:
- Practice good hygiene
Wash your hands frequently for at least 20 seconds using soap, and avoid touching your face. - Maintain distance
Keep at least 2 metres away from others in crowded or poorly ventilated spaces. - Wear a mask
If you are unwell or in a high-risk environment, wearing a mask can prevent the spread of infection. - Clean, disinfect and ventilate
Regularly sanitise high-touch surfaces like doorknobs, light switches, and electronics, and open windows for at least 10 minutes to let in fresh air. - Cough and sneeze etiquette
Always cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue, disposing of tissues immediately. - Get vaccinated
Vaccines for both the flu and COVID-19 are strongly advised for elders and vulnerable individuals.
How to support your immune system
Prevention is not just about avoiding germs – it is also about building resilience. A strong immune system can help you fend off infections or recover faster.
- Eat nutrient-rich foods: Focus on fruits and vegetables rich in zinc, vitamin C, and other antioxidants. Vitamin D, B-complex vitamins, selenium and amino acids also play a role in supporting our immune systems.
- Stay active: Moderate and regular exercise improves circulation and helps your immune cells move efficiently throughout your body.
- Prioritise sleep: Aim for 7–9 hours of quality sleep per night to allow your body to repair and recharge.
- Stay hydrated: Water is vital for all bodily functions, including maintaining a healthy immune response.
- Manage stress: Chronic stress can suppress your immune system. Incorporating relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation into your routine can be useful for managing daily stress.
Small steps, big difference
A little caution goes a long way in keeping you and your loved ones healthy. By recognising symptoms early, taking preventive measures, and seeking timely treatment, you can make the most of the winter season without being side-lined by illness.
If you experience new symptoms or have any concerns about your health, please do not hesitate to schedule an appointment with one of our experienced Private GPs for a thorough review and expert advice. Often same-day appointments are available from Monday to Saturday.
To book, please call 020 8949 9640 or use our online booking system.
